SCIENCE OF THE QUR'AN

SCIENCE OF THE QURAN
Science is a system of organizing the knowledge about a particular subject especially one concerned with the aspect of human behavior or society. The word science also means knowledge about the natural and physical world based on fact you can prove.
Quran can be defined as divine revelation of Allah revealed to prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) through angel Jubril in Arabic language transmitted to us in continuity written in mashaf, starting with suratul fatiah and end with suratu Nass. Thus, Science of the Quran has general matters relating to the Quran. It is the field of knowledge which sound to elucidate the Quran or which are derived from it.
SCOPE OF THE QUR’AN
The word revelation is called wahyu in arabic language . The word wahyu is Arabic word which means revelation. Revelation technically can be defined as words of Allah that are sent down to any of His prophets which is previously unknown to them.
Circumstances of Revelation (Asbabu Nusul)
This is the purpose of which the chapters of the Quran are revealed to the prophet. The Quran have been compiled by ALLAH and he placed it on a place known as baytul’Izza in which angel jubril is ordered to select from it so as to reveal to the prophet according to the event that occurs on the surface of the earth. For instance, during Israh walmiraj, he tried to report to his people about what happens to him when he return from the journey. He said that he sojourned to Qudus within a night, so some people disbelieved him that how can two months journey be possible within a night, when they informed Abubakar of what the prophet said, Abubakar replied that indeed the prophet has said the truth.
Compilation of Quran was not done during the time of prophet Muhammad, materials in which Quran was written and were kept in his house were gathered and tied together to ensure that they were not lost. Shortly after his death, the need for compiling the Quran into a single book arose because many of the Muslims who had memorized the Quran had died in the battle of Yamaamah. Umar bn khatab feared possible extinction of the Quran if urgent measures were not taken. He advised Khalifah Abubakr to compile the Quran into a single volume.

REVELATION (AL WAHY)
Wahy means a swift or secretive transfer of information. Technically, it can be defined as the divine word of Allah that is sent down to his messengers.
USAGE OF WAHY IN THE QUR’AN
 Guidance in natural intuition (human being)
 Guidance in natural instinct (Animal)
 Guidance of signs
 Guidance from evils
 Guidance from Allah
 Guidance to his prophet
TYPES OF WAHY
 Wahy at heart (Ilham)
 Direct conversation with Allah
 Angelic wahy
MODES OF DESCENT
 Ringing of bells
 Angel coming in human
 Angels in his original appearance
 Inspirational in the heart
 Direct discourse with Allah
 Through dreams

LECTURE II
ORIENTALIST CRITICISM AND ISLAMIC RESPONSES
The term Orientalist have to be justify in this course, firstly we have to explain the meaning of the word “Orient”, it means to change the direction so as to face the east, this shows that orient is derived from the way the sun originate i.e. the orientation of the sun. Oriental studies are the academic field of study the embrace near eastern and far eastern societies and cultures, language, people, history and archaeology. Although, the primary focus and arms of traditional oriental studies in Europe is today general focus on the discipline of academic Islamic studies.
Orientalist has been the traditional term of scholar of oriental studies. An orientalist is a person especially a scholar interested in the orient.
Orientalist criticism is the way of changing the ideology of some people so as to develop a kind of destructive criticism and totally change their belief. This is why Islam has to take the responsibility of responding to the criticism.
Orientalist F. burhl criticized that some verses of early days could not be preserved, when he considered this verse incomplete. “Sanuquriuka Fala Tansa Illa Ma Sha Allah” Q 68: 6.
The response this ayah is that it is only the words that are abrogated that may be forgotten but the prophet can never forget the Quran. There are so many criticism by the orientalist but which need simple answers. These are:
 Abdullah bin mas’ud and the last two surahs
 The Qur’an was not well arranged
 Restriction of wahy to people
On the basis of a tradition reported by Bukhari and Muslim, it has been reported by Seyiddah Aishah (R.A) that the prophet once heard one of his companion reciting the Quran and said “Raimohu llahu Laqod Adhqarani Ayatan Kuntu Unsituha” Meaning : Indeed I have remember a verse when I was at a state of forgetting it.
Makki and Madinah Revelation
Makkah surahs are regarded as that was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) before Hijrah. It relates to the time of makkah. Madinna surahs are regarded as that surah which was revealed to Prophet Muhammad after Hijrah in the city of Madinna.
Features of Makkah Surah.
 It emphasized on Taoheed
 It is based on sallah and sajdah
 The unseen
 Allah’s existence
 Challenges
 People of old
 Short verses
 The style is more elegant
Features of Madinah surah
 Long verses
 Laws
 People of the book
 Hypocrite
 Jihad
 Style is comparatively simple
Significance of Distinction
 Fiqh
 Dawah
 Seerah

There is mixed up in your summary. You people should try and arrange your submission according to each topic. It is fair, there is room for improvement. Barakallahu fihi.

We shall take note of that in the next post,Jazakumullahu Khairan.